Planning, analysis and design of water treatment plant at Rangil, district Ganderbal, Kashmir

Abstract

This project entails planning, designing and analysis of Rapid sand filtration system to improve water purification ability for rising water needs. The project involves a thorough design stage, which includes choosing suitable materials and determining component sizes, then proceeding with the structured assembly of the filter unit. Key steps involved were building the filter tank, installing an efficient under drain system, layering gravel and sand media of varying grades, and setting up necessary piping and control mechanisms. The project emphasized optimizing filtration performance through careful planning and precise execution of each construction phase. Upon completion, the rapid sand filter is expected to significantly improve water quality. This phase has highlighted the significance of foundational work, such as constructing the filter tank and installing the underdrain system, which are crucial for the stability and efficiency of the entire filtration process. Furthermore, the importance of accurate measurements and meticulous attention to detail when configuring initial piping and control systems has been emphasized by the experience. Understanding the water treatment process revealed the intricate and vital steps involved in converting raw water from natural sources into clean, safe drinking water. Throughout the year, water quality parameters exhibit noticeable variations across different seasons, reflecting the dynamic nature of aquatic ecosystems and the influence of natural and human-induced factors. Seasonal variations in water quality parameters (WQPs) are noticeable due to the interaction of natural processes and human activities with aquatic environments. During the spring season, a rise in precipitation and melting snow can result in elevated turbidity levels caused by sediment being washed into the water. Increased levels of nutrients like phosphates and nitrates from runoff in agriculture can lead to the growth of algae and impact the levels of oxygen in the water. During the summer season, higher temperatures can exacerbate these impacts, possibly resulting in decreased oxygen levels as algae thrive. During the fall season, there is less rainfall and reduced water levels, causing an increase in the concentration of dissolved substances and salts. Winter presents obstacles such as less sunlight and ice formation, which affect oxygen levels and lead to higher concentrations of pollutants.