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Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (TuDR)

Welcome to Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Digital Repository (TuDR).

TuDR is the digital asset management system which integrates the intellectual output in the form of research articles, PhD theses, and M.Tech / M.E. theses. TuDR facilitates the sharing and exchange of intellectual output of the university.

TuDR supports the management of scholarly resources of enduring value to Thapar University. Faculty members, students, and research scholars use TuDR services to share their intellectual work with the global academic community.

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Recent Submissions

Study of microstructure and magnetic properties in transition metal-based High Entropy Alloys
(2026-09-17) Piplani , Dushyant; Kashyap, Sanjay
Alloys have played a major role in the development of human civilization. Earlier, they were made with a combination of around two metals. In this work High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) were studied which are the combination of five or more than five elements. Alloy-1 (Fe0.25Co0.25Ni0.25Cr0.25) has four elements, which act as a base alloy. It satisfies the definition of a Medium Entropy Alloy (MEA) with 𝛥𝑆mix around 1.3 R. Mn, Ge, and Si were added, which formed alloy-2 (Fe0.2Ni0.2Cr0.2Co0.11Mn0.11Ge0.9Si0.9). This alloy satisfies the definition of High Entropy Alloys with 𝛥𝑆mix ~ 1.8 R. It was found that alloy-1 shows a dominant FCC phase. Two peaks were undetermined in the XRD of alloy-1. Still, the FCC phase is dominant. It was further found that the BCC phase in alloy-2 is the dominant phase, with one undetermined peak, which may be there due to the formation of the intermetallic (IM). SEM micrographs show the columnar grains in alloy-1 and dendritic formation in alloy-2. From the EDS data, it was found that all the elements in alloy-1 were found to be equally distributed, forming a solid solution. In alloy-2, segregation of Si was found to be in and around the interdendritic region. The hardness of the system drastically increased from around 130 HV0.5 in alloy-1 to around 640 HV0.5 in alloy-2. It was attributed to the presence of Si and Ge, as they have different atomic sizes compared to other elements. At last, the magnetic properties of both systems were studied with the help of VSM. It was found that alloy-1 showed paramagnetic properties at room temperature, and alloy-2 showed soft-ferromagnetic properties at room temperature.
Phycoremediation of wastewater by diatoms and microalgae
(2026-09-17) Kour, Sanjam; Goyal , Dinesh
Native microalgae and diatoms were isolated from wastewater collected from Jayanti Ki Rao (JKR) Channel, Kharar. Morphological characterisation showed dominant diatom species Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. These diatoms along with previously isolated microalgae Chlorella sp. (DGNH-3) and Scenedesmus sp. (DGNH-4), were employed to evaluate their phycoremediation potential by treatment of effluent from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of Thapar Technology Campus, Patiala. The performance of individual cultures and mixed consortia was assessed based on dissolved oxygen enhancement, biomass productivity, nutrient removal, and improvement of wastewater quality. Wastewater treatment significantly improved water quality parameters. Dissolved oxygen (DO) increased from 2.34 ± 0.01 mg/L to 10.4 ± 0.01 mg/L in the control (77.5% increase), 10.09 ± 0.01 mg/L in the diatom treatment (76.81% increase), and 11.5 ± 0.01 mg/L in the algal–diatom consortium (79.65% increase). Biological oxygen demand (BOD) decreased from 190 ± 0.02 mg/L to 41 ± 0.02 mg/L in the control (78.42% reduction efficiency), 23 ± 0.02 mg/L in the diatom treatment (87.89% reduction efficiency), and 20 ± 0.02 mg/L in the consortium (89.47% reduction efficiency). Total dissolved solids (TDS) were reduced from 1.30 ± 0.03 ppm to 0.757± 0.03 ppm (41.77% reduction), 0.786 ± 0.01 ppm (39.54% reduction), and 0.615 ± 0.03 (39.54% reduction) ppm in the control, diatom, and consortium treatments, respectively. Similarly, conductivity declined from 1658 ± 0.02 μS/cm to 1193 ± 0.04 μS/cm (control) (28.04% reduction), 1173± 0.02 μS/cm (diatoms) (29.25% reduction), and 1163 ± 0.02 μS/cm (consortium) (29.86% reduction), demonstrating that the algal–diatom consortium achieved the highest overall remediation efficiency. Biomass productivity demonstrated effectiveness of microalgae in simultaneous treatment of wastewater and biomass generation. These findings overall confirm that microalgal–diatom consortia are an efficient environmentally sustainable solution for wastewater cleanup.
Market analysis and Lead Generation of Single Use Bag Assemblies and Filters
(2026-09-17) Singh, Gurpreet; Baranwal, Manoj; Shah, Pallav
Single-use technologies are increasingly being adopted in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries to increase manufacturing flexibility, reduce contamination risks and improve operational efficiency. Single-Use Bag Assemblies (SUBA) and filtration systems are now integral components of modern bioprocessing in that they provide sterile fluid handling with minimum cleaning and validation requirements. The study was conducted during an industrial internship with Saint-Gobain Life Sciences with the goal of evaluating the market opportunity for single-use bioprocess solutions, mapping potential customers, understanding industry requirements, and supporting lead generation within the main pharmaceutical manufacturing clusters in India. The research utilised a blend of primary and secondary methods, such as literature review, industrial cluster mapping, account identification, customer contacts, site visits, technical discussions and competitor analysis. Information collected from such activities were meticulously documented and analysed to provide an understanding of product adoption trends, customer pain points, purchasing habits and market opportunities without jeopardising the confidentiality of business-sensitive information. The study covered key pharmaceutical hubs including Bengaluru, Dharward, Pune, Mumbai, Nashik, Nagpur, Hosur, Kolar, Dharwad and Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, providing a holistic insight into regional market dynamics for single-use assemblies and filtration products. The results revealed an increasing demand for individualised bioprocess solutions driven by the growth of biologics manufacturing, rising regulatory expectations, and the industry’s move towards flexible manufacturing systems. Through customer engagement, the importance of technical understanding, solution-based selling and application-specific customisation to meet manufacturing needs and build business relationships was emphasised. In summary, the internship was successful in demonstrating the combination of biotechnology with industrial marketing and business development, and the importance of market research, customer mapping, competitor intelligence and opportunity prioritisation in facilitating the commercialisation of advanced life science technologies and contributing to sustainable business growth.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Regioselective C3(sp2)-H Functionalization of Coumarin-Indole Conjugates
(2025-09-17) Diwanshi; Paul, Kamaldeep
We have developed a highly regioselective ruthenium-catalyzed directing-group-assisted C3(sp2)-H functionalization of a coumarin-indole conjugate, in which the carbonyl oxygen acts as a weak directing group. The directing group forms a coordination bond with Ru metal, and then transition-metal-assisted C-H activation occurs at the proximal C-H bond. Here, we have synthesized the hybrid of two biologically active moieties. The carbonyl group of coumarin activated the C3-H bond of the indole moiety, which subsequently undergoes C-H functionalization in the presence of alkenes. The optimization of reactions was performed using different types of catalysts, additives, oxidants, and solvents at different temperatures and reaction times.
Electrocoagulation-Based Removal of Polypropylene Microplastics from Water: Process Optimization and Characterization of Fe3O4-C Flocs
(2026-09-16) Kaur, Sukhleen; Singh, Neetu; Mohiuddin, Irshad
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a serious threat to humans and aquatic life owing to its persistence and widespread contamination. Among several treatment technologies, electrocoagulation (EC) has garnered significant interest as a reliable, effective and eco friendly technique for the removal of MPs from water. This study investigates the removal of polypropylene (PP) MPs using EC process with Fe electrodes and examines the valorization of generated EC sludge into functional materials (Fe3O4/C) with potential as anode material in Li ion batteries. The process optimization was done through Central Composite Design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM), evaluating current density, electrolysis time, pH and NaCl concentration as operating variables. An ANN model was developed to predict the process performance and compare its predictive capability with RSM. The EC sludge was carbonized under air and inert conditions and the resultant composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, XPS, DLS and Raman, which proved that carbonized Fe3O4/PP flocs under Ar retained Fe3O4 with improved structural characteristics. Overall, this study demonstrates EC removing MPs effectively along with generated sludge being converted into value-added materials, thereby, supporting sustainable wastewater treatment and waste to value approach.