Design and Analysis of Fractal Antennas for Wideband, 3 – 8 Ghz Frequency Range

Abstract

The advancement in wireless communication system and increasing demand to make small size and multiband antenna applications has a great demand in both commercial as well military applications. To fulfill this demand, the fractal antenna has been introduced. The utilization of fractal geometries has a great impact in many areas of science and engineering. The development of an antenna by utilizing a fractal idea will reduce an antenna size without reducing its performance. Wideband fractal antennas geometry has been proposed in this report. The design and development of Pythagorean Tree Monopole Fractal Antenna for frequency 3-8 GHz has been presented. In this design, the Pythagoras tree shaped fractal antenna is deliberated by using a unique idea known as Pythagorean tree which follows a Pythagoras theorem. Fractal is an idea which is being utilized in patch antenna to have improved characteristics over ordinary microstrip antenna. The fractal tree antenna is characterized by its self-similarity and space filling properties. The antenna is fed by microstrip line feeding. Several fractal geometries has been presented. The parametric study is done to observe the effect of different parameters like patch length, feed width, ground length etc. on the performance of an antenna. From the simulation results, it is clearly noted that the minimum return loss of -38.75 dB is achieved at the resonant frequency of 5.61 GHz which is a good result. Further, the antenna parameters like return loss, bandwidth, resonating frequency, directivity, gain and VSWR are calculated. The simulated results give the significant improvement in impedance bandwidth. The overall antenna design is simulated by using Software named CST 2014 Microwave Studio Suite.