Construction of Small Bore Sewerage System for Rural Habitation and It’s Environmental Assessment

Abstract

Sewer systems are the most efficient and effective way to remove waste water from the source. However, sewer systems are usually very expensive. The laying of distribution again is a very tedious process. The concept and technology of small bore was developed to cater the need of offsite treatment of waste water generated from houses, where laying out of conventional sewer was either not required or too expensive and difficult. Moreover, the solid waste generated is also digested in interceptor which can be emptied after 5 years or so. Small bore sewer system help in partial fulfillment of removing waste from the individual houses. The system has been quite successful in developing countries with limited land availability and financial constraints. Furthermore, if 70% or more household in a habitation are already having septic tanks, then small bore sewer becomes a very viable option. In the present study, selected village Tasoli of district Patiala was chosen for the study. In the study area, Wastewater from the cattle shed is allowed to flow into the open surface drain and block the drains. As a result of it, water over flows on the road. This creates unhygienic condition for villagers. So an effort is needed to provide an appropriate sewerage scheme for a rural area, keeping in view the typical requirements and problems related with village area that includes scattered population, lack of skilled man power and resources, so proper discharge and treatment of domestic waste water is essential. The methodology used here is a step wise approach which in totality includes all social, financial and design constraints. The construction and execution aspects have been focused to see the practical feasibility. Contents of this thesis/Project have been organized into steps and are summarized in individual chapters as mentioned. The study here goes beyond only theoretical aspects and tries to execute practically the design work in field.It tries to bridge the gap and experiment with the social gesture and rural habitations and explore the possibility of implementation of idea with all the social, financial, technical aspects working together. This thesis starts from the introduction part which describes the topic and the objectives of this work. It gradually moves on to the literature review portion which gives the insight of the related work that has been done in this field. Next in line comes the design, methodology which discusses step wise approach followed to achieve the objectives of this work. This also includes the material selection, design calculation and strategy adopted for the design of various components. The design methodology part is followed by execution process which describes the overview of execution steps, material selection and Quality Control Aspects for Sanitation works relating to small bore sewer system. The later part of thesis covers the environmental assessment and management detailing environmental issues and their mitigation during various stages like execution, Operation and Maintenance of small bore sewer system. Various problems/ issues that are likely to arise during the activities are also discussed along with the possible remedies for maintaining good operation and control. In the end a brief conclusion summarizes the feasibility of scheme and outcomes of study.