Studies on stacked fractal microstrip antennas for wireless communication

Abstract

The wireless industry has undergone a volatile emergence today in present era. Antenna the most important component of wireless system demand versatility and unobtrusiveness. Need of multi-band antennas are increasing day by day due to the need of covering maximum applications. Fractal plays a prominent role for these requirements. Fractals have non-integral dimensions and their space filling capability could be used for miniaturizing antenna size and their property of being self-similarity in the geometry leads to have antennas which have a more number of resonant frequencies. Fractal geometries when applied to UWB generator patch, improves Gain, return loss and radiation characteristics. Often fractal antenna does not require any matching components to achieve multiband or broadband performance. In the research work presented a circular triangular fractal antenna, a stacked fractal antenna based on sierpinsiki carpet fractal geometry and a Tree shaped fractal antennas are designed and simulated using CST (computer simulation technology) microwave studio vio. Circular triangular fractal antenna operating in frequency band of 3.3 GHz to 13 GHz with B.W of 9.7 GHz is designed and simulated. The main constraint of UWB antenna is its low gain. Gain enhancement techniques i.e. stacking and high gain cavity are used to increase the gain of reference antenna. Stacked fractal antenna based on sierpinsiki carpet fractal geometry is designed and simulated. In The miniaturization of microstrip stacked antenna is achievedusing DGS and fractal geometry. Antenna resonates at 3.6 GHz and 4.4 GHz with a gain of 6.334 dB and 6.114 dB. Tree shaped fractal antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated. This designed antenna suits the wireless application of WLAN and WiMAX band with band width of 3 GHz. In order to verify the antenna application in the practical scenario, the dual band antenna is fabricated and tested, the results are found to be closely matching with simulated ones; thereby allowing the antenna to be suitable for practical wireless scenario.