Optimization of Nested Slot RFID Tag Antenna Using PSO Algorithm

Abstract

These days, there is a developing interest for solid resources security and administration in different businesses. One of the advances that made this idea feasible is known as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). It is Automatic distinguishing proof innovation which utilizes radio frequency electromagnetic fields to recognize objects conveying labels (tags) when they approach a reader. RFID technology is known for its support in automation and tracking as being more competent to barcode system and has been approved for worldwide deployment. Different tag antennas are designed depending upon the applications. Here an inverted S-shaped nested slot RFID tag antenna and its 2nd order fractal RFID tag antenna is designed at operating frequency 0.91 GHz. With the advancement in the field of wireless communication system led to increase constraints on antennas. To achieve the desired goal, antennas designs are typically improved by some cumbersome hit- trial and error strategies. So the need for improved antenna design solution is fulfilled by the amalgamation of electromagnetic simulators with various optimization methods. A new methodology based on optimization is introduced for a nested slot RFID tag antenna to get the desired results of antenna minimization and conjugate impedance matching. In order to design a RFID tag antenna and its 2nd order Minkowski Fractal tag Antenna which would have a perfect impedance matching with the tag chip, our work presents the particle swarm optimization strategy integration with CST Microwave Studio and MATLAB. This type of proposed design do not require any additional loading or matching network and thus yielding smaller antenna size and relatively lower implementation cost when compared to conventional tag antenna.. The goals for the optimization is to get the perfect conjugate input impedance with the chip impedance and the miniaturization of the RFID tag antenna design and the results are successfully achieved.