Wide Bandwidth Microstrip Antenna Designs for Various Applications Using Photonic Band Gap and Defected Ground Substrate Methods

Abstract

In this modern era, communication has become part and parcel of our lives. Exchange of information over long distances through satellites has also become a vital organ of today’s communication system. The current trend in commercial and government communication systems is to develop low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas which are capable of maintaining high performance over a large range of frequencies. This technological trend has motivated much effort into the design of microstrip patch antennas. With a very simple geometry, these antennas offer many advantages which are not provided by other antenna configurations. For example, they are extremely simple, low profile, lightweight and inexpensive to fabricate using modern printed circuit board (PCB) technology. They are compatible with microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMIC) and have the capability to conform to planar and non-planar surfaces. Also, once the shape and mode of operation of the patch are selected, designs become very multipurpose in terms of radiation pattern, operating frequency, polarization, and impedance bandwidth. The variety in designs that is possible with microstrip antennas possibly exceeds that of any other type of antenna element .The rapid advancement in communication industry has increased the demand for development of more novel designs of microstrip antennas capable of operating at more than one frequency bands. In this thesis work, Transmission line model is used to simulate Microstrip Patch Antenna with the help of microstrip feed line. The aim is to design novel designs of microstrip antennas that are capable of covering a wide range of frequencies. The designing of the proposed antennas is done by utilizing the knowledge of techniques like PBG and DGS in the designs. In this thesis work, different shapes of the patches are discussed like the rectangular shape and circular shape. Various dimensions of the designs like length, thickness and width of the patch, substrate and ground, etc. are optimized for better results. Different types of slots are cut to obtain a wider bandwidth through hit and trial method in the CST 14 Microwave Studio software.