Design, fabrication and performance analysis of microstrip patch antennas for wireless applications

Abstract

Wireless communications has been developed widely and rapidly in the modern world especially during the last two decades. The future development of the personal communication devices will aim to provide image, speech and data communications at any time, and anywhere around the world. This indicates that the future communication terminal antennas must meet the requirements of multi-band or wideband operations to sufficiently cover the possible operating bands. However, the difficulty of antenna design increases when the number of operating frequency bands increases within a single antenna. The aim is to study and design various rectangular microstrip patch antennas for wireless communication systems and study the effect of various antenna parameters like patch length (L), patch width (W), substrate relative dielectric constant, substrate thickness etc. Here CPW feed and microstrip line feed methods have been used to excite the patch antenna. The CPW-fed ‘U’ shaped Dual band Microstrip patch antenna has been designed resonating at the frequency 2.23 GHz and 5.27 GHz. The design is successfully simulated using CST Microwave Studio software. The return loss for 2.23 GHz and 5.27 GHz is -20.02 dB and -46.12 dB respectively and corresponding bandwidth is 839 MHz (1.95 GHz-2.79 GHz) and 1.07 GHz (4.86 GHz-5.93 GHz) respectively. CPW-fed ‘E-G’ shaped Triple band Microstrip patch antenna has been designed by resonating at the frequency 2.2 GHz, 3.37 GHz and 5.84 GHz. The return loss for 2.2 GHz, 3.37 GHz and 5.84 GHz is -20.48 dB, -18.56 dB and -35.93 dB respectively and corresponding bandwidth is 567 MHz (1.98GHz-2.54 GHz), 439 MHz (3.19 GHz-3.63GHz) and 1.17 GHz(5.35 GHz-6.52 GHz) respectively. Microstrip-fed monopole Triple band antenna using DGS has been designed which is resonating at the frequency at 2.4 GHz, 3.48 GHz and 5.46 GHz. The return loss is -25.42 dB, -16.98 dB and -24.94 dB and corresponding bandwidth is 347 MHz (2.27 GHz-2.61 GHz), 580 MHz (3.15 GHz-3.73 GHz) and 833 MHz (5.17 GHz-6 GHz) respectively.