Dimensions of Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and their Relationship: A Comparison of Private Hospitals of Two Cities of Two Nations

Abstract

Background and significance: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a discretionary behavior; it is the employees’ contributions to an increase in organizational performance. OCB enhances employee satisfaction, quality of care, and patient satisfaction. Organizational Justice (OJ) is an important factor of organizational success; it reflects employees’ perceptions of fair treatment. The OJ promotes employee retention and work engagement towards high organizational performance. The OJ is perceived as one of the factors that encourage employees to demonstrate their involvement beyond their duties by making them more satisfied. Perceptions of justice in the workplace are connected to a positive view of OCB that enhances employees’ satisfaction. Still, few studies investigated these relations at hospitals. So, it is recommended to investigate this association in health care organizations. Purpose: This study aims to explore and compare employees’ perception levels of OJ and OCB at the private hospitals in the Northern region of Jordan (Irbid province) and India (Punjab state). As well as this, it investigates the effect of OJ on OCB. Significance of the study: The healthcare sector is the most important sector that is directly dealing with the health of people and their live. Hence the error in the treatment is not accepted and lead to lose their live. OCB and OJ have many advantages to enhance employees’ performance that will enhance healthcare service quality. there are very few studies that investigated the relationship between OJ and OCB in Jordanian and Indian healthcare sector. The present study assumes a lot of importance as that the Jordanian hospitals is endeavouring to improve employees’ effectiveness and satisfaction; human power is a key in health organization success. However, India has already shown a way to the world in medical tourism. Hence, up to the researchers’ level of knowledge, this study is the first that explored the relationship between OJ and OCB and its dimensions in theprivate hospitals in North Jordan and India, and compared the perceived levels between the two countries. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational, and comparative research design was applied by using convenient sampling methods. A survey instrument with a 1-5 Likert scale was re-designed in line with earlier studies. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS) has been used by applying various statistical tests such as Descriptive Statistics T-test, ANOVA, correlation, regression, Post Hoc Tests using the Scheffe method as well as discriminant analysis. Results: The perception of employees of private hospitals in India and Jordan on OCB is high. OJ was high in Indian private hospitals only, while in Jordanian private hospitals, it was not; evolutional justice received the highest level in India whereas interactional justice received the highest level in Jordan. Distributive justice ranked last in both countries. Also, Jordanian private hospitals show a statistically significant positive correlation between OJ and OCB at level (p ≤ 0.01). Regarding the employee's demographics effects, gender was seen to affect evolutional justice, and it affected OCB too in civic virtue in favor of females. The age had an observable impact on all dimensions of OJ except distributive justice and all items of OCB except altruism and sportsmanship. However, a designation affected all dimensions of OJ, while it affected only the conscientiousness of OCB dimensions. Conclusion: This study aims to explore and compare employees’ perceptions level of OJ and OCB at the private hospitals in the Northern region of Jordan (Irbid province) and India (Punjab state). Besides, it investigates the effect of OJ on OCB. The perception of employees of private hospitals in India and Jordan on OCB is high. OJ was high in Indian private hospitals only. Also, Indian and Jordanian private hospitals show a statistically significant positive correlation between OJ and OCB at level (p ≤ 0.01).