Simulation and Analysis of AODV, DSDV, ZRP in VANETs

Abstract

Vehicular networks are emerging class of wireless networks that have emerged because of recent advances in wireless technology. Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) is an enhanced form of Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET), where communicating nodes are replaced by moving vehicles. VANETs promises many improvements in terms of accident avoidance and in better utilization of roads and resources such as fuel and time. Because of many applications, VANETs have fascinated many research authorities and automotive industries. Recognizing its importance, IEEE has approved a standard 802.11p for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). As the need of such network increases the implementation many challenges associated with it are being taken into account. They are broadcasting, routing, priority scheduling, security and privacy. In this thesis, routing is considered as the research factor. Usually in VANETs nodes are moving with very high speeds and, thus, the topology is unpredictable and frequently changing. In this thesis, attempt has been done to analyze behavior of proactive routing (DSDV), reactive routing (AODV) and hybrid routing (ZRP) in such high mobile scenario, by simulating them on simulators which allow users to generate real world mobility models for VANET simulations. For this purpose, simulation tools such as NS-2, MOVE and SUMO has been used. MOVE tool is built on top of SUMO which is open source micro-traffic simulator. Output of MOVE is a real world mobility model and can be used by network simulator NS-2. In this thesis performance of DSDV, AODV and ZRP has been analyzed and evaluated under different node densities and connections. Four different sets of node density would be used to compare the performance of the said protocols. Simulation results obtained in the form of graphs are then compared under various parameters like normalized routing protocol, average throughput, average end to end delay and packet delivery fraction.