Bioactive Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plants

Abstract

A variety of therapeutic compounds may be found in medicinal plants, which are a natural and well-known source. Endophytic fungi that colonise medicinal plants are a hot topic of investigation because they have the potential to create biologically active compounds with antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activities. Endophytic fungi were isolated in the current study using Eucalyptus teretecornis. Three different fungal endophytes from the leaf of E. teretecornis were isolated. T6 isolated from T.baccata L subsp. wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilger and AL2 isolated from Terminalia arjuna cultures were offered by the lab. These extracts underwent additional preliminary screening to determine their potential for bioactivity. All of these extracts were subjected to a variety of activities, including antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory to determine their bioactive potential. The inhibition of S. aureus by AL2 at 500μg/ml was 43.8 percent, compared to a 25.7percent inhibition by T6. In terms of antioxidant power, it was shown that AL2 at 500μg/ml had 61.3 percent radical scavenging activity, compared to 44.8 percent for T6. Additionally, EL1showed its highest level of scavenging activity at 1000μg/ml, of 67.5 percent. When AL2 was subjected to the protein denaturation inhibition experiment it was revealed that AL2 crude had a remarkable inhibition percentage of 91.3 percent. AL2 once again demonstrated its superiority as an extract to be employed in future studies on the bioactivities of screened extracts. A preliminary TLC evaluation was performed, then fractionation was accomplished using column chromatography. Fourteen fractions of AL2 were produced after column chromatography; these were then put through a protein denaturation inhibition assay, where fractions 12, 13, and 14 were shown to be effective. The LOX inhibition experiment was then performed on these fractions, and fraction 12 displayed the highest percentages of inhibition. This led to the decision to characterise it using UV, FTIR, NMR and HR-MS studies.