Bio Remedial Approach to Degrade Crystal Violet and Methyl Red in Textile Effluent

Abstract

Wastewater is any used water that has been affected by domestic, industrial, and commercial use. Sources of wastewater include homes, shops, offices, factories, farms, mines, etc. In this project report the primary focus is on industrial waste released by textile industries. Textile is an important industry for Rajasthan, representing 20% of the investment made in the state. There are estimated to be around 500 block and screen-printing units in Sanganer. This wastewater effluent of Sanganer's textile dyeing and printing industries is discharged without any treatment into the drainage. A huge volume of mostly untreated textile dye wastewater is discharged into various pools and drains adjoining the textile printing units. This drainage water changes the physio-chemical properties of water. Dye wastewater in Sanganer contains heavy metals like Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb in more than permissible limits, reported the same that dyes used in textile industries of Sanganer contain synthetic chemicals and are metal-based and used in irrigation are increasingly heavy metal contents in crop plants which may result in serious health hazards such as kidney damage, anemia, a disorder of CNS and renal failure, etc. The disposal of industrial, sewage, and textile wastewater is a problem of increasing importance throughout the world. Textile dyes are highly reactive and are difficult to treat during processing. About 100,000 commercially available dyes are known and nearly 1 million tons of dyes are produced throughout the year, whereas out of the total usage, 10% of dyes are released in the environment as dyestuff waste. This project aims at fulfilling the required task to dispose of textile waste carefully without harming the environment any further. The work was performed by the standards set by Sustainable Developmental Goals which focus on utilizing and saving our resources by keeping the next generation in mind. Bioremediation is a process where biological organisms present in the pollutant are used to remove the harmful contents from the pollutant. The biological organism includes bacteria, fungi, and algae. In this project, different bacterial species were used to help with bioremediation. Indigenous microorganisms present in polluted environments hold the key to solving most of the challenges associated with biodegradation and bioremediation of pollutants. Environmentally friendly and cost-effective are among the major advantages of bioremediation compared to chemical and physical remediation methods. The main motive of bioremediation is to reduce, detoxify, degrade, mineralize, or transform more toxic pollutants into fewer toxic ones. The motive was fulfilled through 2 bioremedial setups which involved 4 isolates of bacillus species. Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis worked on the remediation of blue dye and Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus worked on the red dye.