Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch Using Artificial Immune System

Abstract

The optimal economic dispatch plays an important role in power system optimization. Traditionally, the only importance was given to the minimization of cost of power generation. Nowadays, due to concern of environment by the emission of various gases such as NOx, SO2 and CO2 from the fossil fuels; the consideration of emission has become important. Initially, the emission has been treated as an inequality constraint in the emission dispatch. However, due to conflicting nature of economy and emission objectives, problem of combined economic and emission dispatch is being treated as problem. In this work, an optimization approach is presented to solve combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) problem, a multi-objective optimization problem, by using artificial immune system (AIS). The AIS algorithm with clonal selection mechanism is implemented to solve combined economic and emission dispatch while considering the transmission losses. This problem has been solved using AIS by two approaches namely price penalty factor (PPF) approach and fuzzy decision making (FDM) approach. The effectiveness of the formulations has been tested on two test systems comprising three and six generating units, where the losses are expressed using B-coefficients. The results obtained from AIS are compared with the results reported in literature.