Design and Fabrication of Millimeter Wave Antennas for 5G Communication

Abstract

Millimeter wave (mmWave) antennas are a pivotal component in the advancement of 5G communication systems, which promise to deliver unprecedented speed and connectivity. This doctoral thesis presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and performance evaluation of advanced antennas designed for millimeter wave (mmW) and sub-millimeter wave (sub-mmW) applications, with a focus on 5G communication systems addressing the critical need for high-gain, compact, and multiband performance. The research employs advanced electromagnetic simulation tools to optimize antenna structures for superior performance in the mmWave frequency band. These optimized designs are then meticulously translated into practical prototypes through state-of-the-art fabrication processes. Comprehensive testing in realistic scenarios is conducted to assess key performance parameters, including reflection coefficient, radiation pattern etc. The findings demonstrate significant advancements in the design and functionality of mmWave antennas, highlighting their high gain and compact form factor, which are essential for integration into modern 5G devices. Additionally, the multiband capabilities of the developed antennas offer versatile solutions for various communication needs, ensuring robust performance across different frequency bands. This research contributes to the advancement of antenna technology by providing innovative solutions to the escalating demands of 5G communication systems. The developed mmWave antennas exhibit enhanced performance and adaptability, underscoring their critical role in the evolution of next-generation wireless networks. A concise overview of the research work, aligning with its objectives, is presented below: Objective 1: To design, simulate and fabricate a compact antenna in mmW band with high gain. Objective 1 is accomplished by designing and developing two multiband antennas (28/38/60 Ghz) H-shaped slotted Monopole and double sided axe shaped antennas with its complete analysis of structures, and performance analysis. Further MIMO configuration is also proposed for the double axe shaped antenna that enhances the performance of the communication channel and improves signal reception. Both the designed antennas are fabricated and tested to validate the results. This comprehensive approach ensures that the design is robust, and the antennas are capable of meeting the desired performance standards. Objective 2: To design, simulate and fabricate a multiband antenna in sub-mmW band and mmW band. vi Objective 2 is accomplished by designing and developing two distinct antennas that operate in the mmW and sub-mmW bands. The first antenna covers the 77, 94, and 122 GHz frequency bands by exciting the TM01, TM10, and TM11 modes, with a MIMO structure included to enhance performance. Its parameters are evaluated to confirm its suitability for MIMO applications. Additionally, an ultra-wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna, operating in the 86.9 to 120 GHz range, is designed and thoroughly evaluated in terms of its parameters. Objective 3: Performance measurement of designed antennas by demonstrating applications in 5G etc. Objective 3 is covered along with objective 1 and 2 as it entails to investigate the applications for the antenna proposed for both the above objectives. The millimeter wave antennas (28/38/60 GHz) are verified for the applicability for the 5G mobile communication and the antenna operating in mmW and sub-mmW band is accessed for its applicability for automotive radar applications. Moreover, one dual band antenna is also proposed with its comprehensive study making it suitable for 5G wireless applications. The thesis work has been organized into chapters, with each chapter offering a comprehensive presentation of the research conducted to fulfil respective objective