Probing the the Molecular Diversity of Symbiodinium Species Associated with Corals in the Itertidal Reef Habitat

Abstract

Coral is a type of marine invertebrate animal that belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. They are sometimes referred to as "coral polyps" and are classified into two major groups: hard corals and soft corals. They are found in warm, shallow waters, particularly in tropical regions. Coral reefs are large underwater structures that are formed by colonies of coral polyps. These reefs are considered to be one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth, providing a habitat for a vast array of marine life. Coral reefs are typically found in clear, warm waters with little to no pollution and a high amount of sunlight. Coral reefs are known for their vibrant and colorful appearance, with corals often displaying a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. They play a crucial role in providing food, shelter, and protection for numerous marine species, including fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Coral reefs also act as natural barriers, protecting coastlines from erosion and storm damage. While coral reefs are incredibly important, they are also facing numerous threats. Climate change, pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing practices, such as dynamite fishing and coral mining, are all contributing to the decline of coral reefs across the globe. When coral reefs suffer, the delicate balance of the marine ecosystem is disturbed, leading to a loss of biodiversity and significant environmental consequences. Efforts are being made to protect and conserve coral reefs through initiatives such as marine protected areas, sustainable tourism practices, and coral gardening. These measures aim to mitigate the effects of human activities on coral reefs and promote their recovery and preservation for future generations.