Epigenetic Modifications of Xylaria Psidii for Enhancing Resveratrol Production

Abstract

Nowadays endophytic fungi are known for their ability to produce various industrially important molecules such as resveratrol which has brought in notice the need to employ strategies that can help increase the yield of resveratrol. Resveratrol is naturally occurring stilbenes, which has high demand due to its multifarious applications in medicinal, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Endophytic fungi lives in a symbiotic relationship with the host plants and adopts various mechanisms, analogous to the host plants for example, endophytic fungi exhibit an interesting property of producing compounds analogous to those present in the host plant. Endophytic fungi help host plant to combat abiotic stresses by enhancing its defence mechanism and by secreting secondary metabolites and are thus an essential source for the production of various biologically important molecules. This brought in notice the need to employ strategies that can help increase the yield of these molecules. The current study mainly focuses on strategies to enhance the fungal potential to produce resveratrol via the activation of the cryptic biosynthetic pathway with their particular interest in antioxidant application. The endophytic fungus Xylaria psidii was isolated from the surface sterilized leaf of Vitis vinifera. With the help of HPLC analysis it is found that resveratrol concentration was maximum and enhanced in case of treatment with 5 μm SAHA (52.32μg/ml) and by 10 μm AZA (48.94 μg/ml) followed by 10 μm SAHA (41.10 μg/ml) and 5 μm AZA (37.72μg/ml). After treatment with different concentration of epigenetic modifiers such as HDAC inhibitors (SAHA) and DMNTs (AZA) inhibitors a significant increase in antioxidant potential was obtained. In case of DPPH increase in scavenging potential was found as compared to wild strain. Treatment of fungal culture with 5 μm SAHA and by 10 μm AZA was showing strong antioxidant potential among all the epigenetic variants as compared to wild strain. In case of TEAC also same trend as in case of DPPH was obtained, whereas in case of FRAP, TPC and TFC the increment was observed in case of modification done using 3 μm AZA and SAHA , 5 μm AZA and SAHA, 10 μm AZA and SAHA only as compared to #22(P)VVLPM control. All these finding advocate the future use of these epigenetic modifiers for enhancement of secondary metabolite (resveratrol), discovery of new bioactive natural cryptic metabolite as well as fungal strain improvement.