DNA-Based Cryptography Approaches Using Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Abstract

Information security is one of the most significant concerned areas of communications and information transmission. The concept of making secure information is to transform a plain message that is understandable by everyone into a human unreadable format or difficult to make out by encoding message using some cryptographic algorithms. Nowadays, information security is significant and fundamental issues of information transmission, where researchers are working on the evolution of new cryptographic algorithms. Cryptography is the process of furnishing security in information while transmitting over public networks by encrypting the original information or message. Cryptography technique is used in various fields such as banking services, digital certificate, digital signature, and message & image encryption. An efficient direction of achieving information security can be termed as DNA-BASED Cryptography. In this thesis, we propose two improved DNA-BASED symmetric key cryptographic algorithms, first extends the Triple Data Encryption Standard algorithm using the concept of DNA computing and second improved data encryption approach based on the Deoxyribonucleic acid that exploits two different techniques: Substitution technique and Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Both algorithms convert the message into a protein (Cipher text) using the Deoxyribonucleic acid strands and Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Deoxyribonucleic acid strands provide the robust encryption keys for first algorithm and used as information carrier for second because 163 million DNA sequences available worldwide. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology extends the complexness of the algorithms using the transcription and translation techniques. Encrypted output of the proposed algorithms is highly secure and compress because of the inclusion of the artificial DNA sequence.