Development of Gridded Emission Inventory for Pune City

Abstract

The fundamental source of the alarming increase in air pollution is due to multi-way anthropogenic emissions. The emission inventory is a comprehensive quantification of estimated pollutant emissions in a specific location over a specific time period from various sources. The precision and reliability of emission estimation have a highly significant role in the quality of air quality forecasting. Emission inventories assist with air quality management and the development of environmental policies. The presented work is a detailed gridded Emission Inventory for particulate matter (PM) with a resolution of 100m x 100m for Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). In order to run the air quality forecast models gridded emission inventories are the necessary input that matches the model resolution. An air quality forecast model produces output through the interactions of emission inventory (EI), its spread modified by meteorology, both input to the model to give pollutant concentrations at every grid. The last EI over Pune is for the PMR region that includes Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal corporations and their fringe villages at a resolution of 400m x 400m. The present work is limited to PMC region at a resolution of 100m x100m; the emission data is collected and incorporated at the exact higher resolution. Including the higher resolution and standardized activity datasets, this works updates the gap by presenting detailed multisectoral emissions in PMC region. The methodology for inventory estimations of each subsector is extended based on its properties and the types of fuels used. A sector-wise comparison at the ward level for the current EI is also presented. The current study used a bottom-up strategy to establish emission inventory estimates and then distribute them to grids using a GIS-based statistical model. This has made it possible to meet the aim of providing emissions for particulate contaminants with a resolution of 100m. The source-specific emission activity data repository has been used, together with the relevant emissions factor. The gridded emission inventories can give extensive information on emission hotspots and relative contributions of sources and sectors to target and pave the path for the policy framework. The extensive research demands a substantial amount of high resolution activity data, emission variables, and understanding of basic scientific processes. To fill in the data gaps and validate data, two-year-long scientific field campaign data was used for uncertain secondary data., and to collect the available secondary data concurrently. The overall result delivered is the high resolution (100m x 100m) gridded EI of two air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10). Page iv of 77 Remote sensing technologies are becoming more precise, powerful but broadly available and less expensive; there is a vast potential in using satellite data to analyse and visualize ambient air quality over broad geographic areas in real-time. We have discussed how to use a mixed strategy to create a PM2.5 and PM10 emission inventory for the residential sector containing residential areas and slums across PMC at a resolution of 100m x 100m. The inventory gives emission estimates that are both geographically and temporally resolved. PM2.5 and PM10 emissions for the Industrial sector, including hotels and restaurants, hawkers, bakeries, industries, and crematoriums, are quantified. Transport emissions are estimated based on a specific methodology. Emissions of a particular pollutant from a specific source category are evaluated using activity data, the Emission Factor (EF), combustion technology, and emission control removal efficiency. As far as public health is concerned, EI estimates provide a good tool for exposure estimates that daily, people are exposed to from various sources.