An Efficient Routing Protocol for VANET

Abstract

A report by World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that 1.2 million people die because ofroad accidents every year(World Health Organization, 2015). This is an alarming situation and requires immediate action to improve the safety measures in the vehicular industry. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) can link the gap between the traditional and the current vehicular industry by automating interactions between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) andvehicle to infrastructure (V2I). Following the direction of ITS, vehicle manufacturing industry has initiated the invention of vehicles with improved technologies such as GPS navigation system, processing units, and the wireless interface. Further, byimplementing these technologies, the vehicles can communicate either directly or through road side units (RSUs) and form a network known as vehicular Ad hocnetwork (VANET). In today’sscenario, the VANET is considered as one of the best networking systems offeringimproved safety measurements for passengers as well as pedestrians. In VANET, each vehicle can act as a router to pass the messages to other vehicles moving in its range. Apart from thesafety applications, VANET can also provide a number of services such as availability of parking space and information about traffic jams.The concept of smart cities along with ITS makes the VANET a vital topic of research nowadays. However, the high speed of vehicles, larger network size, and dense/sparse network connectivity make the VANET a challenging class of Ad hoc network. There are several open issues in VANETs and routing is one of the important aspects of concern. A number of routing protocols have been presented from the commencement of VANET in this study. Most of the protocols follow the greedy forwarding technique to forward the data without considering the fact of interference, which may result in performance degradation on the real test bed. Usage of the infrastructure is also restricted in the existing protocols. Thus, an efficient routing protocol must ensure the solution of data forwarding challenges in VANET. In this thesis, three protocols namely, A Junction Based Infrastructure Assisted Routing Protocol for VANET: JIP”; Street Based Forwarding Protocol: SBFP; and Static Infrastructure Assisted Road Based Forwarding Protocol: SRBF have been proposed. In protocol JIP,the presence of the infrastructure is considered in the network and it has been extensively used to improve the connectivity of the vehicles. In SBFP, the interference among different street segments is implemented to make the network scenario more realistic. This protocol has tested for packet delivery ratio, packet delivery time and network overhead with Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing protocol and Contention Based Forwarding routing protocol. The proposed model has exhibited the potential to reduce the problem of the local maximum. The speed of vehicles and percentage of interference are the chief factors to affect the performance of protocols. Taking into account these factors, protocol SRBF is established. It has been evaluated and compared with its peer protocols,Contention Based Forwarding with Multi Hop Connectivity in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (TOPOCBF) and A Map Based Stateless VANET Routing (GeoSVR). Our analysis shows that SRBF performs better on packet delivery ratio and network overhead parameters.

KEYWORDS: VANET; Routing; JIP; SBFP; SRBF.