Designing of Biosensors Based on Photonic Crystal Fibers and their Performance Analysis

Abstract

Photonic crystal fibres are drawing attention these days due to their various improved features than the conventional optical fibres. Photonic crystal fibres are having various applications among which one is Sensing. They are used for sensing of chemicals, Gases, temperature, pressure and biological analytes also. There is an increasing demand of photonic crystal based Biosensors for the detection of various biological analytes like DNA, Blood cells like RBC, WBC, Haemoglobin, Cell components like nucleus, mitochondria and various such analytes. In this dissertation, three types of Biosensors are designed. In the first design, the S-shaped Waveguide is generated by introducing line defects in the sensor. The design comprises of silicon rods in air background. This biosensor is used for the detection of various cell components like nucleus, ctyosol and mitochondria. Then the design is modified by adding Silicon reflectors The design is further optimized with reflectors of different materials. It is observed that maximum sensitivity is obtained with the Silicon reflectors. In the second design, a two dimensional photonic crystal biosensor is designed which consists of two C-shaped Cavities and a nano-ring resonator with a fixed horizontal distance between two cavities. A coupling occurs in the ring resonator. Then the design is optimized by reducing the horizontal distance between two cavities and then results are compared. In the third biosensor design, hexagonal cavity is generated for the detection of different blood cells. Infiltration of the silicon rods which lie along the hexagonal cavity is done with Gallium Arsenide rods. This sensor also provides very high sensitivity.