Minkowski algorithm t-shaped fractal patch antenna design with improved return loss

Abstract

Antenna is one of the largest components of the low profile wireless communication. In order to transmit and receive antenna information; modulation is done in which career wave is superimposed over modulating signal. At the required destination, the modulated signal was then received and the original information signal can be recovered by demodulation. Over the years, techniques have been developed for this process using electromagnetic carrier waves operating at radio frequencies as well as microwave frequencies. In the current scenario small, compatible and affordable microstrip patch antennas are developed in wireless communication industries keep on improving antenna performance.One of important concept to design antenna is that antenna have small size. For mobile applications, one may want that antenna must have small size and must be capable to resonate at multiple frequency bands. There are number of techniques that can be useful for designing of antenna which include making use of fractal geometry, use of slot and DGS. In this paper, T-shaped Patch antenna has been designed and fractal geometry has been applied to it in order to obtain self-similar characteristics. Square Patch length has been taken as square of length 36mm. Dimension of ground has been taken as been taken as 50 mm. The substrate used in this paper is FR-4. Parametric analysis has been applied in terms of changing microstrip line, feed point, thickness and geometry. Antenna resonates at three bands with return loss of 3.9 GHz, 4.5 GHz and 6.1 GHz. This antenna had return loss of -14.34 dB, -14.40 dB and -25.85 dB with bandwidth of 100 MHz, 110 MHz and 200 MHz at resonant frequencies. Further this antenna has good gain of 3.5dBi, 3.6 dBi and 6.1 dBi at corresponding frequencies and also compared with E shaped fractal geometry. This antenna can be useful for Wi-Max and WLAN applications. In this dissertation, fractal geometry and effect of changing thickness and feed are observed to select that configuration that will give best results used to improve characteristics of microstrip antenna, Fractal geometry has been applied on patch to obtain multiband characteristics to obtain wideband characteristics. The designed antennas in this dissertation report can be used in different applications like WLAN, WiMAX, satellite communications, RADAR applications and defence and secure communication application